Figure of Speech

Figures of Speech

A figure of speech is a word or phrase that has a meaning something different than its literal meaning. Figures of speech are  remarkable ways of saying something and are used to add color to language.
Figure of Speech can be divided into the following categories:

1. Figures of speech based on resemblance
2. Figures of speech based on contrast
3. Figures of speech based on construction
4. Figures of speech based on association
5. Figures of speech based on sound

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1. Figures of Speech based on resemblance:

This type of figure of speech expresses the similarity between to dissimilar things. Figure of speech based on resemblance are:

• Metaphor: Metaphor is a figure of speech in which one things is imaginatively compared to a dissimilar things. A metaphor usually ascribes the qualities of somethings to somethings else.

• Simile: A simile is a direct comparison between two different things using ‘like’ or ‘as’. A simile can be used as a adjective or a verb. Similes are used to show a similarity between two dissimilar things. They might be a far faced things.

• Allegory: An allegory is an extended narrative in prose or verse. In an allegory characters, events, and settings represents abstract qualities which have a secondary meaning to be read beneath the surface story.

• Personification: Personification Definition: In a personification, inanimate objects and abstract ideas are spoken of as though they are living and conscious. It is a figure of speech in which human characteristics are attributed to an abstract quality, animal, or inanimate object. Personification is a noun of personify.

• Apostrophe: An apostrophe is a type of personification. It is a direct address to the dead, to the absent or to an inanimate object or event.

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2. Figures of speech based on contrast:

This type of figure of speech expresses a contrast or difference between two or more things. Figure of speech based on contrast are:

• Antithesis: An antithesis is a striking opposite or contrast of words used in the same sentence for the sake of emphasis.

• Oxymoron: An oxymoron is special type of antithesis. It is a term that presents two contrasting qualities about one object such that one gains new insight about the concept as a whole.

• Epigram: A epigram is a brief pithy saying used in prose or poetry. It introduces antithetical ideas and often embodies a clear reflection. It is a brief, sharp, witty and polished saying giving expression to a striking thought.

• Pun: A pun is a word such a away that it is capable of more than one meaning. It is often used to create a humorous, satiric or surprising effect.

• Paradox: A paradox is a statement that appears to contradict itself. However it provides, valuable or fresh insight into an idea or concept by the seeming use of contradiction.

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Figures of speech based on construction:

Figure of speech based on construction are:

• Climax: Climax is a figure of speech in which words, ideas or sentiments are stated in such a manner that the meaning rises from a less important or less impressive stage to a more important or more impressive stage.

• Anti-climax: Anti-climax or Bathos is a figure of speech which consists in a sudden fall from the lofty to the mean, from the elevated to the common place in order to produce comic or satiric effect. It is the opposite of climax. It is a order of decreasing importance.

Figure of speech based on association:

Figure of speech based on construction are:

• Metonymy: A metonymy is a figure of speech in which an attributes or qualities associated with an object or person  is used to replace the object itself.

• Synecdoche: A Synecdoche is quite similar to a metonymy. In a synecdoche, a part is used to designated the whole or a whole is used to designate the part.

• Transferred Epithet: Transferred epithet is transferred from its proper word to another word that is closely associated with it.

• Hyperbole: A hyperbole is a exaggerated statement. It is used for emphasis by making an overstatement. It is a obvious, extravagant exaggeration or overstatement, not intended to be taken literally, but used figuratively to create humor.

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Figures of speech based on sound:

Figure of speech based on construction are:

• Euphemism: A euphemism is a polite expression used in place of words or phrases that otherwise might be considered harsh or unpleasant to hear.

• Irony: The word taken from Greek word ‘irone’ meaning a dissembler. It is figure of speech. We use irony to say one thing when we mean another.

• Litotes: Litotes is also derived from a Greek word meaning “simple”. It is a figure of speech which employs an understatement by using double negatives. It is a positive statement expressed by negating its opposite expressions.

• Rhetorical Question: The rhetorical question is usually defined as any question asked for a purpose other than to obtain the information the question asks. Although it is a questioning sentence, the purpose of this sentence is to express a statement.